Voltage-hkang ai oscillator a arawn alai ni hpe, pru wa ai angular frequency ω0 hte shang wa ai hkang ai voltage uc lapran na matut mahkai lam hpe madun da ai curve (Sumla 1) hte madun da ai. Ndai sumla hta, uc gaw zero rai yang, angular frequency ω0,0 hpe, lawt lu ai-hprawng hkawm ai angular frequency ngu shamying ma ai; ω0,0 kaw na curve a slope K0 hpe hkang zing ai hkam sha lam ngu shamying ma ai. Matut mahkai lam (sh) shadawn shadang jak ni hta, shang wa ai hkang ai n-gun gaw, shapoi na (sh) shadawn na signal (modulating signal) rai nga ai.
Voltage-hkang ai oscillator hpe n-gun shayawm ai ngu nna shamying ma ai, dai hpe n-gun shayawm ai signal hpe shapraw na matu lang ai. Automatic frequency hkang ai loop ni hte phase{3}}locked loop ni hta, shang wa ai hkang ai n-gun gaw shut ai lam hpe madun ai n-gun rai nna, n-gun-hkang ai oscillator gaw loop kata na hkang ai daw langai mi rai nga ai.
VCO amyu ni hta LC, RC, hte crystal ni lawm ai. Voltage-hkang ai oscillator ni a matu ra kadawn ai madung hpaji masa ni gaw, kaja ai frequency ngang grin ai lam, hkang ai hkam sha lam grai law ai, frequency galai shai ai lam kaba ai, frequency n bung ai hte hkang ai voltage lapran linear matut mahkai lam, hpaw shalawm na matu loi ai lam ni lawm ai. Crystal voltage-hkang ai oscillator ni gaw, nsen n-gun kaba ai raitim, nsen galai shai ai lam n-gun n law ai; RC voltage-hkang ai oscillator ni gaw n-gun n law ai raitim, n-gun galai shai ai lam kaba ai; hte LC voltage-hkang ai oscillator ni gaw lapran kaw shara mi kaw hkrat sum mat ai.